:root{
  --ground:#0a0d13;--panel:#111722;--panel-2:#161d2a;
  --text:#f2efe8;--text-2:#d9d5cc;--muted:#aba79e;--faint:#918e86;--error:#e98b7c;
  --accent:#e2a65a;
  --line:rgba(242,239,232,.13);--line-strong:rgba(242,239,232,.24);
  --f-sans:"Public Sans",system-ui,-apple-system,"Segoe UI",sans-serif;
  --f-mono:"IBM Plex Mono",ui-monospace,Menlo,Consolas,monospace;
  --f-serif:"Instrument Serif",Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;
  --ease:cubic-bezier(.22,.61,.36,1);
  --gutter:max(20px,env(safe-area-inset-left,0px));
  color-scheme:dark;
}
*{box-sizing:border-box}
html{scroll-behavior:smooth}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}}
body{margin:0;background:var(--ground);color:var(--text);font:400 17px/1.7 var(--f-sans);-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;overflow-x:hidden}
img{max-width:100%;display:block}
a{color:var(--accent);text-underline-offset:3px;text-decoration-thickness:1px}
a:hover{text-decoration-thickness:2px}
:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--accent);outline-offset:3px;border-radius:2px}
::selection{background:var(--accent);color:var(--ground)}
.wrap{max-width:1180px;margin:0 auto;padding-left:var(--gutter);padding-right:max(20px,env(safe-area-inset-right,0px))}
.narrow{max-width:780px}

/* film grain: one inline SVG, fixed, over everything */
body::after{content:"";position:fixed;inset:-50%;pointer-events:none;z-index:200;opacity:.05;
  background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='160' height='160'%3E%3Cfilter id='n'%3E%3CfeTurbulence type='fractalNoise' baseFrequency='.85' numOctaves='3' stitchTiles='stitch'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Crect width='100%25' height='100%25' filter='url(%23n)'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
  animation:grain 1.2s steps(6) infinite}
@keyframes grain{0%{transform:translate(0,0)}20%{transform:translate(-3%,2%)}40%{transform:translate(2%,-3%)}60%{transform:translate(-2%,-2%)}80%{transform:translate(3%,3%)}100%{transform:translate(0,0)}}

/* scroll progress: shows where you are in the page */
.progress{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;height:2px;width:100%;background:var(--accent);transform-origin:0 50%;transform:scaleX(0);z-index:120}

/* type */
h1,h2,h3{font-family:var(--f-sans);font-weight:500;line-height:1.04;letter-spacing:-.03em;text-wrap:balance;margin:0}
h1{font-size:clamp(42px,6.4vw,92px);line-height:.98;letter-spacing:-.045em}
h2{font-size:clamp(32px,4.4vw,60px);letter-spacing:-.04em}
h3{font-size:clamp(20px,1.8vw,24px);letter-spacing:-.02em;line-height:1.2}
h1 em,h2 em,h3 em,.serif{font-family:var(--f-serif);font-style:italic;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:-.01em;color:var(--accent)}
p,ul,ol{margin:16px 0 0}
li{margin-top:8px}
.lede{font-size:clamp(18px,1.5vw,21px);line-height:1.6;color:var(--muted);max-width:62ch}
.fine{font-size:14px;color:var(--faint)}
.eyebrow{font:500 12px/1.4 var(--f-mono);letter-spacing:.2em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--accent);margin:0}
.eyebrow::before{content:"";display:inline-block;width:28px;height:1px;background:currentColor;vertical-align:middle;margin-right:12px;transform-origin:0 50%}

/* header: transparent until scroll, then earns its chrome */
header.top{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;right:0;z-index:100;transition:background .35s var(--ease),border-color .35s var(--ease),backdrop-filter .35s;border-bottom:1px solid transparent}
header.top.scrolled{background:rgba(10,13,19,.78);-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(16px);backdrop-filter:blur(16px);border-bottom-color:var(--line)}
header.top .wrap{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:16px;padding-block:16px}
.brand{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;text-decoration:none;color:var(--text)}
.brand svg{width:34px;height:34px;transition:transform .8s var(--ease)}
.brand:hover svg{transform:translate(4px,-3px) rotate(-6deg)}
.brand b{font:500 20px/1 var(--f-sans);letter-spacing:-.02em}
.brand small{display:block;font:500 10px/1 var(--f-mono);letter-spacing:.2em;color:var(--muted);margin-top:5px}
nav.links{display:flex;gap:26px;align-items:center;font-size:15px}
nav.links a{color:var(--text);text-decoration:none;position:relative;padding-block:4px}
nav.links a:not(.btn)::after{content:"";position:absolute;left:0;right:0;bottom:-2px;height:1px;background:var(--accent);transform:scaleX(0);transform-origin:100% 50%;transition:transform .35s var(--ease)}
nav.links a:not(.btn):hover::after{transform:scaleX(1);transform-origin:0 50%}
.menu-btn{display:none;background:none;border:1px solid var(--line-strong);color:var(--text);border-radius:999px;padding:9px 16px;font:500 13px/1 var(--f-mono);letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer}
@media (max-width:900px){
  .menu-btn{display:inline-block}
  nav.links{position:fixed;inset:0;background:var(--ground);flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;gap:22px;font-size:26px;opacity:0;visibility:hidden;pointer-events:none;transition:opacity .35s var(--ease),visibility 0s linear .35s}
  nav.links a{opacity:0;transform:translateY(14px);transition:opacity .5s var(--ease),transform .5s var(--ease)}
  body.menu-open nav.links{opacity:1;visibility:visible;pointer-events:auto;transition:opacity .35s var(--ease),visibility 0s}
  body.menu-open nav.links a{opacity:1;transform:none}
  body.menu-open nav.links a:nth-child(2){transition-delay:.05s}body.menu-open nav.links a:nth-child(3){transition-delay:.1s}
  body.menu-open nav.links a:nth-child(4){transition-delay:.15s}body.menu-open nav.links a:nth-child(5){transition-delay:.2s}
  body.menu-open nav.links a:nth-child(6){transition-delay:.25s}body.menu-open nav.links a:nth-child(7){transition-delay:.3s}
  .menu-btn{position:relative;z-index:101}
}

/* buttons: fill sweeps in from the left, arrow travels */
.btn{position:relative;overflow:hidden;isolation:isolate;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;font:600 16px/1 var(--f-sans);padding:17px 26px;border-radius:999px;border:1px solid var(--accent);background:var(--accent);color:var(--ground);text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;transition:color .35s var(--ease),transform .25s var(--ease)}
.btn::before{content:"";position:absolute;inset:0;background:var(--text);transform:translateX(-101%);transition:transform .45s var(--ease);z-index:-1}
.btn:hover::before{transform:translateX(0)}
.btn:active{transform:scale(.97)}
.btn .arr{display:inline-block;transition:transform .35s var(--ease)}
.btn:hover .arr{transform:translateX(5px)}
.btn.ghost{background:transparent;color:var(--text);border-color:var(--line-strong)}
.btn.ghost::before{background:var(--accent)}
.btn.ghost:hover{color:var(--ground);border-color:var(--accent)}
.btn.small{padding:11px 18px;font-size:14px}
nav.links a.btn{color:var(--ground)}
nav.links a.btn:hover{color:var(--ground)}
button.btn[disabled]{opacity:.6;cursor:wait}

/* reveals: content rises into place as it enters; complete with motion off */
.rv{opacity:0;transform:translateY(22px);transition:opacity .9s var(--ease),transform .9s var(--ease)}
.rv.in{opacity:1;transform:none}
.rv.d1{transition-delay:.06s}.rv.d2{transition-delay:.16s}.rv.d3{transition-delay:.3s}.rv.d4{transition-delay:.42s}
.eyebrow.rv::before{transform:scaleX(0);transition:transform .9s var(--ease) .2s}
.eyebrow.rv.in::before{transform:scaleX(1)}
.wipe{clip-path:inset(0 0 100% 0);transition:clip-path 1.3s var(--ease)}
.wipe.in{clip-path:inset(0 0 0 0)}
.no-js .rv,.no-js .wipe{opacity:1;transform:none;clip-path:none}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){
  .rv,.wipe{opacity:1!important;transform:none!important;clip-path:none!important;transition:none!important}
  body::after{animation:none}
  .btn,.btn::before,.btn .arr{transition:none}
}

/* inner pages */
.page-top{padding-top:120px}
.crumbs{font:500 12px/1.4 var(--f-mono);letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--faint);padding-top:110px}
.crumbs a{color:var(--muted);text-decoration:none}
.crumbs a:hover{color:var(--accent)}
article{padding-block:24px 80px}
article h1{font-size:clamp(38px,5.4vw,72px)}
article h2{font-size:clamp(26px,3vw,38px);margin-top:64px}
article h3{margin-top:32px}
article p,article li{color:var(--text-2)}
article p strong,article li b,article li strong{color:var(--text)}
.meta{font:500 12px/1.5 var(--f-mono);letter-spacing:.08em;color:var(--faint);margin-top:18px}
.answer{margin-top:36px;background:var(--panel);border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:2px solid var(--accent);padding:24px 26px;border-radius:0 14px 14px 0}
.answer p{margin:8px 0 0;font-size:19px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--text)}
.tablewrap,.compare-wrap{overflow-x:auto;margin-top:22px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:14px;background:var(--panel)}
table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;min-width:560px;font-size:15px}
th,td{padding:15px 18px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);text-align:left;vertical-align:top}
thead th{font:500 11px/1.3 var(--f-mono);letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);background:var(--panel-2)}
tbody tr{transition:background .3s var(--ease)}
tbody tr:hover{background:rgba(226,166,90,.06)}
tbody tr:last-child td,tbody tr:last-child th{border-bottom:0}
tbody th{font-weight:600;color:var(--text)}
td{color:var(--text-2)}
caption{caption-side:top;text-align:left;padding:16px 18px 4px;font-size:14px;color:var(--faint)}
.cta{margin-top:64px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;background:var(--panel);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:22px;padding:40px}
.cta::before{content:"";position:absolute;width:420px;height:420px;right:-140px;top:-180px;border-radius:50%;background:radial-gradient(circle,rgba(226,166,90,.28),transparent 65%);filter:blur(10px);animation:breathe 11s ease-in-out infinite}
@keyframes breathe{50%{transform:translate(-30px,20px) scale(1.12)}}
.cta h2{margin-top:0;position:relative}
.cta p{position:relative;color:var(--muted)}
.cta .btn{margin-top:22px}
details{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:20px 0}
details:last-of-type{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
summary{cursor:pointer;font:500 18px/1.4 var(--f-sans);list-style:none;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;color:var(--text);transition:color .3s}
summary:hover{color:var(--accent)}
summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}
summary::after{content:"";flex:none;width:14px;height:14px;margin-top:6px;background:linear-gradient(var(--accent),var(--accent)) center/100% 1px no-repeat,linear-gradient(var(--accent),var(--accent)) center/1px 100% no-repeat;transition:transform .45s var(--ease)}
details[open] summary::after{transform:rotate(135deg)}
details p{margin-top:12px;color:var(--muted)}
details .body{overflow:hidden}
.sources{margin-top:56px;font-size:15px;color:var(--muted)}
.sources h2{font-size:24px}
.note{margin-top:36px;font-size:14px;color:var(--faint);border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:18px}
.related{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(230px,1fr));gap:12px;margin-top:20px}
.related a,.cards a{display:block;padding:20px 22px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:14px;text-decoration:none;color:var(--text);font-weight:500;background:var(--panel);transition:border-color .35s var(--ease),transform .35s var(--ease),background .35s}
.related a:hover,.cards a:hover{border-color:var(--accent);transform:translateY(-3px);background:var(--panel-2)}
.cards{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(260px,1fr));gap:14px;margin-top:24px}

/* forms */
form.lead,form.story{display:grid;gap:16px;background:var(--panel);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:22px;padding:30px;min-width:0}
.row2{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1fr);gap:16px}
label{display:grid;gap:8px;font-size:14px;font-weight:500;color:var(--muted)}
input,select,textarea{font:400 16px/1.4 var(--f-sans);padding:14px 16px;border:1px solid var(--line-strong);border-radius:12px;background:var(--ground);color:var(--text);width:100%;transition:border-color .3s var(--ease),box-shadow .3s var(--ease)}
input:focus,select:focus,textarea:focus{outline:none;border-color:var(--accent);box-shadow:0 0 0 4px rgba(226,166,90,.16)}
input::placeholder,textarea::placeholder{color:var(--faint)}
textarea{min-height:120px;resize:vertical}
.consent{display:flex;gap:12px;align-items:flex-start;font-weight:400;font-size:13px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--muted)}
.consent input{width:18px;height:18px;margin-top:2px;flex:none;accent-color:var(--accent)}
.hp{position:absolute;left:-9999px;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden}
.sent{padding:16px;border-radius:12px;background:var(--panel-2);font-size:15px;margin:0;border-left:2px solid var(--accent)}
.sent.err{border-left-color:var(--error)} /* status colour only, never decorative */
.sr-only{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);white-space:nowrap;border:0}
@media (max-width:720px){.row2{grid-template-columns:1fr}form.lead,form.story{padding:22px}}

/* footer */
footer{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-block:72px 48px;font-size:14px;color:var(--muted);position:relative;overflow:hidden}
footer .big{font:500 clamp(54px,12vw,170px)/.9 var(--f-sans);letter-spacing:-.06em;color:var(--text);margin:0 0 48px}
footer .big em{font-family:var(--f-serif);font-style:italic;font-weight:400;color:var(--accent)}
footer .cols{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.3fr) minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1fr);gap:36px}
footer a{color:var(--text);text-decoration:none}
footer a:hover{color:var(--accent)}
footer p{margin:8px 0 0}
footer .h{font:500 11px/1.3 var(--f-mono);letter-spacing:.18em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--faint);margin-bottom:12px}
footer .legal{margin-top:48px;padding-top:22px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);font-size:12px;color:var(--faint);display:grid;gap:8px}
footer .legal a{color:var(--muted);text-decoration:underline}
@media (max-width:820px){footer .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}}
.credit{font:500 10px/1.3 var(--f-mono);letter-spacing:.06em;color:var(--muted)}
.credit a{color:var(--muted)}
details{overflow:hidden}
.answer p.eyebrow{font-size:12px;line-height:1.4;color:var(--accent)}
header.top + main:not(#top){padding-top:92px}
.crumbs{padding-top:28px}
.ph{margin:0;position:relative}
.ph .frame{position:relative;overflow:hidden;border-radius:22px;aspect-ratio:4/5;background:var(--panel)}
.ph img{position:absolute;inset:-8% 0;width:100%;height:116%;object-fit:cover;will-change:transform;transform:scale(1.12)}
.ph .frame::after{content:"";position:absolute;inset:0;background:linear-gradient(180deg,transparent 55%,rgba(10,13,19,.55));pointer-events:none}
.ph figcaption{margin-top:12px}